Ketamine is a medication that was developed in the 1960’s and approved by the FDA in 1970 for use as a general anesthetic. Ketamine is recognized as one the safest, most widely used anesthetic in the world has been used on both humans and animals for over 50 years.
What is Ketamine Therapy?
Ketamine Therapy is a medical therapy used to treat some psychiatric conditions as well as enhance cognition and memory. Ketamine is given in doses much lower than when it is used as an anesthetic and is administered very slowly through an intravenous (IV) infusion. This type of ketamine treatment does not induce general anesthesia and is not FDA approved for these particular conditions.
Unlike traditional antidepressants that target the brain’s serotonin and noradrenaline systems, ketamine appears to block a receptor called NMDA, which is activated by the neurotransmitter glutamate. Because ketamine works on receptors and not on shifting hormone balances, the effects are dramatically faster. While traditional antidepressants can take anywhere from 4 to 8 weeks to start taking effect, ketamine starts to work almost immediately, sometimes within minutes, without the notorious side effects of psychiatric medications
What conditions get better with Ketamine Therapy?
Ketamine therapy is a safe and effective treatment option for various conditions, including psychiatric disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), chronic pain, and other neurological issues. Ketamine has proven helpful for several chronic pain disorders, such as complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), ischemic limb pain, phantom limb pain, fibromyalgia, and other neuropathic conditions.
Extensive Research on Ketamine Therapy
Ketamine therapy is well-researched, with over 50 clinical trials conducted in the United States alone examining its effects on depression. One of the most remarkable aspects of ketamine therapy is its fast-acting antidepressant effects, particularly for patients with treatment-resistant depression and severe suicidal thoughts. Studies indicate that ketamine can reduce depression symptoms and suicidal thoughts in as little as 40 minutes.
Approximately 70% of patients with treatment-resistant depression (including those with bipolar disorder) experience rapid relief after a low-dose ketamine infusion. Similar success rates have also been reported for combat veterans suffering from PTSD. However, it’s important to note that the degree of relief can vary among individuals. Some patients may experience only partial relief, while others may not respond until after a second or third infusion. Those who do not respond to ketamine therapy may have additional medical conditions or medications that affect its effectiveness.
The Science Behind Ketamine Therapy
A study published in the journal Science in 2010 suggests that ketamine therapy restores brain function through a process called synaptogenesis. Researchers at Yale University found that ketamine not only improved depression-like behavior in animal models but also promoted the growth of new synaptic connections between neurons in the brain. This process can enhance how the brain communicates, potentially improving focus and memory while protecting against neurological diseases.
Most research on ketamine therapy has focused on adults with depression, which affects an estimated 350 million people worldwide. Despite this prevalence, antidepressant medications have not significantly evolved over the past 50 years, and about one-third of patients do not respond to traditional treatments. This underscores the groundbreaking potential of ketamine therapy for medical providers.
Emerging Uses of Ketamine Therapy for Cognitive Enhancement
One of the most exciting and developing applications of ketamine therapy is its potential for cognitive enhancement, specifically improving memory and focus. Ketamine is being explored as a nootropic (brain-enhancing) therapy that could directly enhance brain function through various mechanisms. Ongoing research is heavily focused on this innovative role for ketamine.
By understanding the potential benefits and applications of ketamine therapy, patients and healthcare providers can better navigate treatment options for mental health and chronic pain conditions.
How Soon Can I Expect to Feel Results?
As many as 70% of patients with treatment-resistant depression, including those with bipolar disorder, experience rapid relief after a low-dose ketamine infusion. Similar success rates have been observed in returning combat veterans suffering from PTSD. However, it’s important to note that the degree of relief and the speed at which patients feel the benefits can vary. Some individuals may experience only partial relief, while others may not notice improvements until a second or third infusion. A small percentage of patients may not respond to ketamine therapy at all. Those who do not experience relief likely have additional medical conditions or medications that can reduce its effectiveness.
Prior to starting Ketamine Therapy
Before receiving ketamine therapy, we will conduct a thorough evaluation of your health to ensure that ketamine is a safe and appropriate option for you. The practitioner may also recommend adjustments to your current medications to prevent any potential interference with ketamine therapy and to enhance its safety and effectiveness.
At this stage, you and your family should feel free to voice any questions or concerns to ensure you are confident in your decision to proceed with ketamine therapy. Once you fully understand the risks and benefits and have made your decision, each participant must sign a consent form before beginning treatment.
How is Ketamine Therapy administrated?
Ketamine therapy is typically administered as a series of intravenous (IV) treatments, with the number of sessions tailored to individual needs. Once the treatment plan is established, a member of our team will insert an IV catheter into your hand or arm to facilitate the administration of ketamine. Depending on your health status, you may also receive additional medications to manage nausea or other symptoms. Your vital signs, including blood pressure and pulse, will be monitored before and during the treatment.
Each IV treatment usually lasts between 40 to 60 minutes. After the session concludes, a member of the treatment team will monitor you for about 30 minutes to allow most of the medication’s effects to wear off.
How many treatments are needed?
Every patient is unique in terms of the number of treatments needed and the frequency of those treatments. During your initial consultation with Tia Albro, NP, we will work together to determine the anticipated number of treatments based on your symptoms and goals.
Expectations for Ketamine Therapy
Understanding the goals of ketamine therapy and what to expect during a ketamine IV treatment is crucial. Ketamine can be administered in various doses and settings, depending on the clinic and the physician providing the therapy. These differences can significantly impact both the experience and the effectiveness of the treatment.
